内 容 简 介
本书是美国著名原子核物理学家、诺贝尔奖金获得者恩里科·费
米的夫人为费米写的传记。书中叙述了费米夫妇一生的故事,叙述了
费米如何领导世界第一座原子反应堆的建造工作,以及前前后后的各
种事件。
本书可供具有中等文化水平的读者阅读。
译 序
恩里科·费米是著名的意大利物理学家,物理学罗马学
派的创始人之一;本书为费米夫人劳拉·费米所写的费米传
记。
费米 1901 年 9 月 29 日生于罗马,很早就从事物理学的
研究。他早年曾在德国哥廷根大学马克斯·玻恩的手下工作
过。1926 年费米任罗马大学第一任理论物理学教授,他曾提
出过费米-狄拉克统计。在詹姆斯·查德威克发现中子和弗雷
德里克·约里奥-居里与伊雷娜·居里发现人工放射性的基
础上,费米发现了慢中子诱导人工衰变现象,并因此获得了
1938 年诺贝尔物理学奖金。
由于对墨索里尼法西斯反动统治的不满和受到法西斯迫
害,费米 1938 年借领取奖金之机携全家逃出意大利移居美
国。他在美国芝加哥大学参加并主持了第一座原子反应堆的
设计、建造和试验工作。随后,他又在曼哈顿工程区参与了第
一颗原子弹的研制和试验工作。1954 年 11 月 28 日,费米因
癌症在芝加哥逝世。
本书以个人回忆的方式比较详细地叙述了费米的生平和
他的科学活动,包括政治背景,社会生活以及一些和他有关的
人和事。但作者是以资产阶级世界观观察事物的,所以在一
些问题上,如原子武器缩短战争的问题和对美国资产阶级民
主制度的理解问题上,都反映了她的某些偏见。希望读者在
阅读本书时,对这些问题采取正确的态度来看待。
目 录
译 序····················································································· i
第一部 意 大 利
(
1
)最初的邂逅·································································· 1
(
2 )我们相识之前······························································ 13
(
3 )我们相识之前(续)·················································· 25
(
4 )一个学派的诞生·························································· 41
(
5 )微型“标致”······························································· 64
(
6 )婚后的最初岁月·························································· 74
(
7 )北先生和科学院·························································· 93
(
8 )安阿伯之夏··································································103
(
9 )工作 ·············································································113
(10)南美洲的插曲······························································126
(11)一个偶然的发现··························································130
(12)多么不懂得养育孩子··················································141
(13)1938 年 11 月 10 日·····················································155
(14)离去 ·············································································170
第二部 美 国
(15)美国化的过程······························································187
(16)未来事物的某些影像··················································209
(19)一个敌国侨民在为山姆大叔工作·······························220
(18)保密和反应堆······························································237
(19)成功 ·············································································255
(20)Y 基地 ·········································································270
(21)一名警卫员和几位朋友··············································286
(22)台地上的生活······························································307
(23)战争结束了··································································321
(24)蓬泰科尔沃退出舞台··················································342
(25)一件新玩具:巨型回旋加速器 ··································352
致谢·······················································································367
在芝加哥大学的校园里有一座古老倾圮的建筑,它模仿
中世纪城堡的式样,有着角楼和雉堞。它仅仅是一幢建筑物
的门面,掩蔽着一个已经不再使用的橄榄球场的西看台。用
灰粉刷过的墙上挂有很厚的烟灰;巨大的烟囱从窗口伸出来,
伸到雉堞的上面。
游览车停在这座建筑物的前面。向导们请游客注意挂在
外墙上的一块镂花金属匾 ①:
这是原子时代的出生证。
人类所制成的第一座原子反应堆,是一小组科学家在这个
橄榄球场看台下面的网球场中建造起来的。他们用他们最快… …
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