20230201-A0012《原子在我家中》[美]费米夫人著 何芬奇译 v2.pdf

内 容 简 介

本书是美国著名原子核物理学家、诺贝尔奖金获得者恩里科·费

米的夫人为费米写的传记。书中叙述了费米夫妇一生的故事，叙述了

费米如何领导世界第一座原子反应堆的建造工作，以及前前后后的各

种事件。

本书可供具有中等文化水平的读者阅读。

译 序

恩里科·费米是著名的意大利物理学家，物理学罗马学

派的创始人之一；本书为费米夫人劳拉·费米所写的费米传

记。

费米 1901 年 9 月 29 日生于罗马，很早就从事物理学的

研究。他早年曾在德国哥廷根大学马克斯·玻恩的手下工作

过。1926 年费米任罗马大学第一任理论物理学教授，他曾提

出过费米-狄拉克统计。在詹姆斯·查德威克发现中子和弗雷

德里克·约里奥-居里与伊雷娜·居里发现人工放射性的基

础上，费米发现了慢中子诱导人工衰变现象，并因此获得了

1938 年诺贝尔物理学奖金。

由于对墨索里尼法西斯反动统治的不满和受到法西斯迫

害，费米 1938 年借领取奖金之机携全家逃出意大利移居美

国。他在美国芝加哥大学参加并主持了第一座原子反应堆的

设计、建造和试验工作。随后，他又在曼哈顿工程区参与了第

一颗原子弹的研制和试验工作。1954 年 11 月 28 日，费米因

癌症在芝加哥逝世。

本书以个人回忆的方式比较详细地叙述了费米的生平和

他的科学活动，包括政治背景，社会生活以及一些和他有关的

人和事。但作者是以资产阶级世界观观察事物的，所以在一

些问题上，如原子武器缩短战争的问题和对美国资产阶级民

主制度的理解问题上，都反映了她的某些偏见。希望读者在

阅读本书时，对这些问题采取正确的态度来看待。

目 录

译 序····················································································· i

第一部 意 大 利

（

1

）最初的邂逅·································································· 1

（

2 ）我们相识之前······························································ 13

（

3 ）我们相识之前（续）·················································· 25

（

4 ）一个学派的诞生·························································· 41

（

5 ）微型“标致”······························································· 64

（

6 ）婚后的最初岁月·························································· 74

（

7 ）北先生和科学院·························································· 93

（

8 ）安阿伯之夏··································································103

（

9 ）工作 ·············································································113

（10）南美洲的插曲······························································126

（11）一个偶然的发现··························································130

（12）多么不懂得养育孩子··················································141

（13）1938 年 11 月 10 日·····················································155

（14）离去 ·············································································170

第二部 美 国

（15）美国化的过程······························································187

（16）未来事物的某些影像··················································209

（19）一个敌国侨民在为山姆大叔工作·······························220

（18）保密和反应堆······························································237

（19）成功 ·············································································255

（20）Y 基地 ·········································································270

（21）一名警卫员和几位朋友··············································286

（22）台地上的生活······························································307

（23）战争结束了··································································321

（24）蓬泰科尔沃退出舞台··················································342

（25）一件新玩具：巨型回旋加速器 ··································352

致谢·······················································································367

在芝加哥大学的校园里有一座古老倾圮的建筑，它模仿

中世纪城堡的式样，有着角楼和雉堞。它仅仅是一幢建筑物

的门面，掩蔽着一个已经不再使用的橄榄球场的西看台。用

灰粉刷过的墙上挂有很厚的烟灰；巨大的烟囱从窗口伸出来，

伸到雉堞的上面。

游览车停在这座建筑物的前面。向导们请游客注意挂在

外墙上的一块镂花金属匾 ①：

这是原子时代的出生证。

人类所制成的第一座原子反应堆，是一小组科学家在这个

橄榄球场看台下面的网球场中建造起来的。他们用他们最快… …

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